Plants play a very important role in cleaning up of the contaminants which is hazardous to the environment, also referred to as 'green clean'. This removes the pollution without damaging the environment. Biosorption technologies involving plants, microorganisms or animals are very simple, cost effective and ecofriendly in nature than conventional methods. The word Bioremediation is formed from a prefix "bio" meaning life or living organisms and a suffix "remedium" meaning to cure or restore. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the most efficient and cost-effective drying method, the true proteins, amino acids, anti-nutritional factors, minerals and vitamins of the water lettuce plants and also, the other metals not detected in the study, namely mercury, arsenic, lead and magnesium.īiosorption is one of the nature's prudent ways to purify the polluted environment damaged by anthropogenic activity. Water lettuce obtained from the three water sources had a high level crude protein and moisture content making it a potential feed resource but may require an efficient and cost-effective method of drying if it is to be used on commercial basis. The dry matter content of the leaves was low and as a result, more of the water lettuce plants need to be harvested in order to obtain a significant proportion for its potential use as livestock feed. Considering the nutritive quality of the leaves, those harvested from the saline water had a high crude protein content and lower fibre content compared to those from the waste water and freshwater. From the results, it was realized that, the composition of the leaves was highly nutritious compared to the roots, stems and the whole plants as to copper, zinc, potassium and iron were all below their maximum thresholds, hence may rather serve as important micro-nutrients rather than causing harm to organisms that may feed on it. Where significant differences were found, the means were separated using Tukey Pair Wise comparison, at 5% level of significance. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), component of the Minitab Statistical Package, (Version 15). The sections were subjected to proximate analyses whilst the heavy metal concentrations were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and flame photometer. The water lettuce plants collected were apportioned into leaves, roots, stems and whole plants. The water lettuce plants were collected from three water sources: residential waste water, saline water and freshwater in the Central Region of Ghana from August to December, 2013. Thus, temporary hard water has to be softened before it enters the boiler, hot-water tank, or a cooling system.This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional and chemical compositions of water lettuce plant, to determine its suitability for use as livestock feed. The deposits lower the efficiency of heat transfer in boilers, and diminish flow rates of water in pipes. Boiling drives the reverse reaction, causing deposit in pipes and scales in boilers. Water containing Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and CO 3 2- ions is called temporary hard water, because the hardness can be removed by boiling.
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